Generate Private Keys From Ledger Seed

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An example paper printable bitcoin wallet consisting of one bitcoin address for receiving and the corresponding private key for spending.

Jun 16, 2018  Indirectly you do: your hexadecimal private key is derived from the secret you do know, and your. Called the family seed. A few (like the Ledger Nano) use a list of words, called a mnemonic. (There is a third, less secure method: a plain passphrase). The three methods to generate and store account secrets, keys and derive your account. Import your private keys. Copy the list of generated private keys from the Derived Addresses section. Use the controls below the list to show more rows or start at a certain index. Import your private keys in a third-party wallet that supports this, such as MyEtherWallet or Armory. Set the field Internal/External to 1 to generate the private. How do I Generate AES key with seed value so that whenever I generate key with same seed value,I shud be able to get the same AES key? I want to generate this key for my Blackberry Pearl 8100 device. I am not able to generate AES key with AESKey(keyData).

  • Key derivation for secp256k1 XRP Ledger account keys involves more steps than Ed25519 key derivation for a couple reasons: Not all 32-byte numbers are valid secp256k1 secret keys. The XRP Ledger's reference implementation has an unused, incomplete framework for deriving a family of key pairs from a single seed value.
  • Oct 06, 2017 You can recover your keys without a Ledger Nano S This video shows how you get the public and private key of Bitcoin and Ethereum from your leder 24 words recovery phrase. My recovery phrase: This.
  • Aug 11, 2019 But despite all these facts, many newbie investors deal with their private keys or seed keys in a very careless manner and hence jeopardize the security of their funds. Therefore I thought it was important to share ‘where you should store your private keys’. Best Tips For Storing Your Private Keys.

A cryptocurrency wallet is a device,[1] physical medium,[2] program or a service which stores the public and/or private keys and can be used to track ownership, receive or spend cryptocurrencies.[3] The cryptocurrency itself is not in the wallet. In the case of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies derived from it, the cryptocurrency is decentrally stored and maintained in a publicly available ledger called the blockchain.[3]

Functionality

A cryptocurrency wallet, comparable to a bank account, contains a pair of public and private cryptographic keys. A public key allows for other wallets to make payments to the wallet's address, whereas a private key enables the spending of cryptocurrency from that address.[4]

Wallet types

Wallets can either be digital apps or be hardware based.[5] They either store the private key with the user, or the private key is stored remotely and transactions are authorized by a third party.

An actual bitcoin transaction from a web based cryptocurrency exchange to a hardware wallet (a Ledger Nano S).

Multisignature wallet

Multisignature wallets require multiple parties to sign a transaction for any digital money can be spent.[6] Multisignature wallets are designed to have increased security.[7]

Key derivation

Deterministic wallet

With a deterministic wallet a single key can be used to generate an entire tree of key pairs.[8] This single key serves as the root of the tree. The generated mnemonic sentence or word seed is simply a more human-readable way of expressing the key used as the root, as it can be algorithmically converted into the root private key. Those words, in that order, will always generate exactly the same root key. A word phrase could consist of 24 words like: begin friend black earth beauty praise pride refuse horror believe relief gospel end destroy champion build better awesome. That single root key is not replacing all other private keys, but rather is being used to generate them. All the addresses still have different private keys, but they can all be restored by that single root key.The private keys to every address it has and will ever give out can be recalculated given the root key. That root key, in turn, can be recalculated by feeding in the word seed. The mnemonic sentence is the backup of the wallet. If a wallet supports the same (mnemonic sentence) technique, then the backup can also be restored on another software or hardware wallet.

A mnemonic sentence is considered secure. The BIP-39 standard creates a 512-bit seed from any given mnemonic. The set of possible wallets is 2512. Every passphrase leads to a valid wallet. If the wallet was not previously used it will be empty.[3]:104

Non-deterministic wallet

In a non-deterministic wallet, each key is randomly generated on its own accord, and they are not seeded from a common key. Therefore, any backups of the wallet must store each and every single private key used as an address, as well as a buffer of 100 or so future keys that may have already been given out as addresses but not received payments yet.[3]:94

Generate Private Keys From Ledger Seed

See also

References

  1. ^Roberts, Daniel (15 December 2017). 'How to send bitcoin to a hardware wallet (url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/send-bitcoin-hardware-wallet-140141385.html'. Yahoo! Finance.
  2. ^Divine, John (1 February 2019). 'What's the Best Bitcoin Wallet?'. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  3. ^ abcdAntonopoulos, Andreas (12 July 2017). Mastering Bitcoin: Programming the Open Blockchain. O'Reilly Media, Inc. ISBN9781491954386. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  4. ^'Bitcoin Wallets: What You Need to Know About the Hardware'. The Daily Dot. 2018-11-20. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  5. ^Newman, Lily Hay (2017-11-05). 'How to Keep Your Bitcoin Safe and Secure'. Wired. ISSN1059-1028. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  6. ^'Bitcoin Startup Predicts Cryptocurrency Market Will Grow By $100 Billion in 2018'. Fortune. Retrieved 2019-02-15.
  7. ^Graham, Luke (2017-07-20). '$32 million worth of digital currency ether stolen by hackers'. www.cnbc.com. Retrieved 2019-02-15.
  8. ^Gutoski, Gus; Stebila, Douglas. 'Hierarchical deterministic Bitcoin wallets that tolerate key leakage'(PDF). iacr.org. International Association for Cryptologic Research. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cryptocurrency_wallet&oldid=939037950'


Ledger recently announced the launch of the Ledger Nano X. This new product is built around a new hardware architecture, while taking advantage of our versatile security Operating System BOLOS.
The Ledger Nano X features Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) connectivity enabling it to be used with Android or iOS devices without the need of a cable. While this feature greatly improves the user experience, it raised some concerns about the security of the wireless connection. We would like to address these.
In short:

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  • Only public data is transported by Bluetooth; critical data (such as private keys and seed) never leave the device.

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  • Even if the Bluetooth connection would be hacked, the security of the Ledger Nano X relies on the Secure Element (SE) which will request your consent for any action.
  • The Ledger Nano X Bluetooth implementation uses a state-of-the-art Bluetooth protocol. This Bluetooth protocol ensures authentication by using pairing. This is numeric comparison based and confidentiality is ensured using AES-based encryption.
  • If ever, you’re not comfortable using your Nano X with a wireless connection, you can disable the Bluetooth and use the USB type-C cable.

Let’s discuss in more detail how it works and why it does not impact the security model of this hardware wallet.

The new architecture is a bit different from the Ledger Nano S one while staying quite similar at the same time.
It features 2 chips:

  • A new state-of-the-art Secure Element (ST33J2M0)
  • A dual-core MCUs with wireless support (STM32WB55)

The STM32 MCU is in charge of the connection between the smartphone/desktop and the Secure Element and simply acts as a proxy.
The Secure Element is in charge of getting user inputs and driving the screen where critical information is displayed. Of course, it is also in charge of the security of the product. It stores the seed and the private keys and implements all cryptographic operations to manage your cryptocurrencies.

Impact on our security model

Bluetooth connection is only used as a transport layer for public information. The secret keys or seed are never exposed to the BLE stack and never, ever leave the Secure Element.
For instance, when you make a transaction, the transaction is prepared on the smartphone or desktop Ledger Live application and then sent using Bluetooth or USB to the MCU (STM32) which directly relays it to the Secure Element. You are then prompted to verify the amount and the address of the recipient, which are displayed on the screen. If everything is correct you can approve the transaction by pressing both buttons.
If ever your smartphone/computer were compromised, if ever the Bluetooth link was compromised, if ever the STM32 MCU was compromised, the Secure Element ultimately prompts you to verify the transaction information. The screen will show you the true transaction details. No transaction signature is issued without your explicit consent.

Our use of BLE

Nevertheless, the Bluetooth stack may transport your public keys or addresses and this could raise privacy concerns. That is why we implemented a state-of-the-art Bluetooth protocol.
A BLE connection is a 2-phase protocol.

  • Key Exchange
  • Use of the BLE channel

First of all, both parties (Ledger Nano X and smartphone) generate their own key pairs using a Random Generator.
After this, there is a pairing phase where, after user approval, the Ledger Nano X and the smartphone go through an Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman key exchange. This phase is critical since it is the phase where the Ledger Nano X trusts the smartphone to which it pairs and vice versa. In order to avoid Man-In-the-Middle attacks (MiTM), which are the common attacks on BLE, the Bluetooth protocol has specific configurations.
We implemented the state-of-the-art security configuration to avoid MiTM attacks: Numeric Comparison. When the common secret is generated, both the Ledger Nano X and smartphone display a numeric code and the user verifies if they are the same. This numeric code is computed using AES-CMAC from public keys of both parties and random nonces. This avoids collision attacks and downgrade attacks, while enforcing the authentication of public keys. If this is the case, both parties consider each other as legitimate and can then communicate, guaranteeing authentication and confidentiality.
Once this key exchange protocol is completed, a secure channel can be established between the smartphone and the Ledger Nano X, featuring an AES-based encryption scheme.
On older versions of Android, the Numeric Comparison may not be featured. In this case, the Secure Element warns the user with a message and a MiTM attack could be implemented. This attack would require an attacker, located nearby, to firstly pair a rogue device with the Ledger Nano X and also with the smartphone. Then he could intercept and forward every packet. This would allow spying on the communication between the Ledger Nano X and the smartphone or even sending commands to the Secure Element. However, the user would still be asked to verify and consent for any transaction.

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Security Audit

Our BLE stack is implemented through the ST stack. The Ledger Donjon, our security team, has evaluated the security of this implementation regarding the latest attacks such as Invalid Point attacks.

Generate Private Keys From Ledger Seed Online

Good old USB cable

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Nonetheless, if you do not feel comfortable using a wireless connection on your Ledger Nano X, you can simply deactivate the Bluetooth connectivity and use the USB type-C connector with your computer to enjoy the remaining features of the Ledger Nano X.
The Ledger Nano X can currently be pre-ordered. Click on the banner underneath for more information.

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